Analysis of thermal instability for fiber backscatter phase and intensity

In this Letter, we utilize the speckle model to measure the average random scattering rate of fiber backscatter and analyze its dependence on length, yielding a linear fitting coefficient of 0.23 ppm/m for a PM980-XP fiber. We incorporate the temperature coupling effect into the model and validate the model's accuracy by examining the distribution of the change rate of the backscattering rate relative to the temperature and the amplitude spectral density of the backscattered power. Our findings demonstrate that the typical shoulder-shaped noise in interferometer experiments is limited by stray light, and the dependence of shoulder-shaped noise on the fiber length and temperature noise level is analyzed.