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Enhancements to quantum communication performance utilizing a prototype photonic lantern and multiplexed

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    We developed a photonic lantern to improve quantum key distribution. This device enhances optical interfacing with single-photon detectors, overcoming bandwidth limitations associated with multimode fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum communication
    • Optical physics
    • Photonics engineering

    Background:

    • Effective optical interfacing is crucial for free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) receiver performance.
    • Direct coupling to single-photon detectors (SPDs) presents engineering difficulties.
    • Single-mode fibers necessitate complex adaptive optics for free-space links.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the bandwidth limitations of multimode fibers (MMFs) in free-space QKD systems.
    • To demonstrate a novel photonic lantern for improved optical coupling.
    • To maintain the advantages of MMF coupling while mitigating bandwidth constraints.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a prototype photonic lantern.
    • Integration of the photonic lantern with a free-space quantum channel and SPDs.
    • Characterization of optical coupling efficiency and bandwidth performance.

    Main Results:

    • The photonic lantern successfully couples light from a free-space channel into multiple, less multimodal fibers.
    • The proposed system retains the benefits of large MMF coupling.
    • Bandwidth limitations typically associated with larger core MMFs are significantly reduced.

    Conclusions:

    • The photonic lantern offers a viable solution for enhancing optical interfacing in free-space QKD.
    • This technology mitigates engineering challenges and reduces the need for adaptive optics.
    • The demonstrated prototype shows potential for improving the performance and practicality of QKD receivers.