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Proteogenomics offers a novel avenue in neoantigen identification for cancer immunotherapy
Yuqing Ren1, Yi Yue2, Xinyang Li3
1Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
Abstract:
Cancer neoantigens are tumor-specific non-synonymous mutant peptides that activate the immune system to produce an anti-tumor response. Personalized cancer vaccines based on neoantigens are currently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. By utilizing the unique mutations within each patient's tumor, these vaccines aim to elicit a strong and specific immune response against cancer cells. However, the identification of neoantigens remains challenging due to the low accuracy of current prediction tools and the high false-positive rate of candidate neoantigens. Since the concept of "proteogenomics" emerged in 2004, it has evolved rapidly with the increased sequencing depth of next-generation sequencing technologies and the maturation of mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies to become a more comprehensive approach to neoantigen identification, allowing the discovery of high-confidence candidate neoantigens. In this review, we summarize the reason why cancer neoantigens have become attractive targets for immunotherapy, the mechanism of cancer vaccines and the advances in cancer immunotherapy. Considerations relevant to the application emerging of proteogenomics technologies for neoantigen identification and challenges in this field are described.
Insights
Personalized cancer vaccines leverage unique tumor mutations (neoantigens) for targeted therapy. Proteogenomics enhances neoantigen identification, improving accuracy and overcoming challenges in predicting effective cancer treatments.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Proteomics
Background:
- Cancer neoantigens are tumor-specific peptides that trigger anti-tumor immune responses.
- Personalized cancer vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy by targeting these unique mutations.
- Accurate neoantigen identification is crucial but challenged by current prediction tool limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the significance of cancer neoantigens in immunotherapy.
- To discuss the mechanisms of cancer vaccines and advances in immunotherapy.
- To explore the emerging role of proteogenomics in neoantigen identification and associated challenges.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on cancer neoantigens, immunotherapy, and proteogenomics.
- Analysis of the evolution and application of proteogenomics in conjunction with next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry.
- Synthesis of information regarding challenges and future directions in neoantigen discovery.
Main Results:
- Cancer neoantigens are attractive targets for immunotherapy due to their tumor-specific nature.
- Proteogenomics, integrating genomics and proteomics, offers a more comprehensive approach to identify high-confidence neoantigens.
- Advances in sequencing and mass spectrometry have accelerated proteogenomic applications.
Conclusions:
- Proteogenomics is pivotal for advancing personalized cancer vaccines by improving neoantigen identification accuracy.
- Overcoming challenges in neoantigen prediction is essential for the clinical success of neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapies.
- Continued research in proteogenomics holds significant promise for future cancer treatment strategies.
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