Nanozymes: Classification and Analytical Applications - A Review.

Area of Science:

• Nanomaterials Science
• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Nanozymes are a novel class of nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme-like catalytic activity.
• They possess advantages over natural enzymes, including lower cost, enhanced stability, and ease of handling.
• This makes them highly significant and promising for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the distinctions between synthetic nanozymes and natural enzymes.
• To explore the structures and analytical applications of nanozymes.
• To highlight the potential of nanozymes in biosensing and disease diagnostics.

Main Methods:

• Focus on carbon-based nanozymes (e.g., carbon and hydrogen) and metal-based nanozymes (e.g., Fe, Cu, Au) and their oxides.
• Investigate the use of nanozymes in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and bio-recognition ligands for biosensors.
• Discuss analytical applications, including colorimetric and fluorometric detection methods.

Main Results:

• Nanozymes demonstrate superior selectivity and sensitivity in analytical chemistry applications compared to traditional methods.
• Peroxidase-like nanozymes are effective in developing adaptable biosensors.
• Carbon-based and metal-based nanozymes show broad applicability across various fields.

Conclusions:

• Nanozymes represent a significant advancement over natural enzymes, offering practical benefits.
• They are pivotal in analytical chemistry for sensing and detection.
• Nanozymes are crucial tools for the early diagnosis of diseases, including COVID-19.