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Related Concept Videos

Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's proficiency in drug...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators
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The Current State of Realistic Heart Models for Disease Modelling and Cardiotoxicity.

Kornél Kistamás1, Federica Lamberto1,2, Raminta Vaiciuleviciute3

  • 1BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str 26, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Developing mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is crucial for realistic cardiovascular disease modeling. This review covers advanced techniques to improve hiPSC-CMs for better drug development and toxicity testing.

Keywords:
cardiac modelcardiomyocytecardiomyocyte maturationdisease modellingdrug testingheart-on-a-chiphiPSC-CMtoxicology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Establishing reliable in vitro cardiac models is a persistent challenge in cardiovascular research.
  • Ethical and legal issues limit the use of human primary cardiomyocytes, while animal models have drawbacks.
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer a scalable source but require maturation for physiological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current state-of-the-art techniques for maturing hiPSC-CMs.
  • To explore advanced in vitro cardiac models for disease and toxicity evaluation.
  • To address the bottleneck of achieving adult-like maturity in hiPSC-CMs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on hiPSC-CM maturation techniques.
  • Analysis of heart-on-a-chip platforms for advanced modeling.
  • Inclusion of in silico models and specific cardiovascular disease in vitro models.

Main Results:

  • hiPSC-CMs represent a promising, abundant source for cardiac research.
  • Significant progress has been made in maturing hiPSC-CMs towards adult-like phenotypes.
  • Integrated approaches combining hiPSC-CMs with advanced platforms enhance model realism.

Conclusions:

  • Maturation of hiPSC-CMs is key to overcoming limitations in current cardiac models.
  • Advanced techniques like heart-on-a-chip and in silico models improve disease modeling and drug testing.
  • Achieving mature hiPSC-CMs is essential for accurate cardiovascular research and drug development.