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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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Real Time RT-PCR02:57

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Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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Toward DNA-Based Recording of Biological Processes.

Hyeri Jang1, Sung Sun Yim1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered cellular memory systems use DNA storage for biological recording inside the body. This review covers technologies like CRISPR-Cas and discusses future improvements for applications in sensing and disease monitoring.

Keywords:
DNA-based data storagecellular memorymolecular recordingsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • DNA-based data storage offers inherent compatibility with living cells.
  • Cellular recording systems enable data retrieval from inaccessible locations, including inside the body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of engineered cellular memory systems.
  • To highlight design principles, advantages, and limitations of current technologies.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing recording accuracy, scalability, and durability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular recording technologies.
  • Examination of CRISPR-Cas systems, recombinases, retrons, and DNA methylation.
  • Analysis of strategies for improving recording fidelity and longevity.

Main Results:

  • Overview of diverse cellular recording technologies and their mechanisms.
  • Identification of current limitations in accuracy, scalability, and durability.
  • Discussion of potential advancements for future applications.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered cellular memory systems are a promising modality for biological measurement.
  • These systems offer novel insights into biological processes.
  • Potential applications include environmental sensing and disease monitoring.