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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

MicroRNA Profiling in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Richard Armos^1,2, Bence Bojtor¹, Marton Papp³

¹Department of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|September 14, 2024

Summary

This study identified distinct microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by analyzing numerous patient samples. These findings offer potential biomarkers for PTC diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:

miRNA miRNA pattern molecular diagnostics papillary thyroid carcinoma sequencing thyroid cancer

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) pathogenesis and prognosis are linked to genetic alterations.
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression dysregulation is implicated in thyroid carcinoma development.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify dysregulated miRNAs associated with PTC development using a large cohort of matched tumor and control samples.
To analyze a wider variety of miRNA types and numbers than previous studies.

Main Methods:

Analyzed expression levels of 2656 human miRNAs in 236 thyroid tissue samples (118 tumor/control pairs).
Utilized KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) framework analyses to link miRNA dysregulation to biological processes.
Investigated associations between miRNA expression and clinicopathological variables.

Main Results:

Identified 30 significant differentially expressed miRNAs in PTC, including upregulated miR-551b, miR-146b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-375, and downregulated miR-873, miR-204.
Found miRNA patterns in KEGG and GO databases similar to PTC, such as those in prostate cancer and HIF-1 signaling.
Discovered 352 potential associations between miRNA expressions and clinicopathological variables.

Conclusions:

A distinct miRNA expression profile in PTC was identified, enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Deviations in miRNA expression and signaling pathways may serve as potential biomarkers for PTC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.