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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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In Vitro Self-Circularization Methods Based on Self-Splicing Ribozyme.

Kyung Hyun Lee1, Nan-Ee Lee1, Seong-Wook Lee1,2

  • 1R&D Center, Rznomics Inc., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In vitro circular RNA (circRNA) preparation methods are crucial for biomedical applications due to enhanced stability. Self-splicing ribozymes offer efficient circRNA generation, with this review detailing group I and II intron methods.

Keywords:
RNA therapeuticsRNA vaccinecircular RNAgroup I introngroup II intronribozymeself-circularizationself-splicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) show superior stability and performance over linear RNAs in biomedical applications.
  • In vitro generated circRNAs are increasingly important for research and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update recent advancements in self-splicing ribozyme-based in vitro circRNA preparation.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different ribozyme methods for circRNA synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on self-splicing ribozymes, specifically group I and group II introns.
  • Summarizes recently developed self-circularization techniques for in vitro circRNA generation.

Main Results:

  • Self-splicing ribozymes provide a simple and efficient method for in vitro circRNA production.
  • Different ribozyme strategies offer distinct pros and cons for specific applications.

Conclusions:

  • Self-splicing ribozymes are a key technology for generating high-quality circRNAs in vitro.
  • Understanding the nuances of group I and II intron methods is vital for optimizing circRNA preparation.