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Trait-Mediated Variation in Seedling Performance in Costa Rican Successional Forests: Comparing Above-Ground,

Nohemi Huanca-Nunez1,2, Robin L Chazdon3,4, Sabrina E Russo5,6

  • 1Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8934, USA.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Biomass allocation traits, not just above-ground features, significantly impact tree seedling growth and survival. Environmental conditions influence these traits, affecting seedling establishment during forest succession.

Keywords:
growthinterspecificintraspecificmortalityroot traitssecondary forestssuccessional gradient

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Biology
  • Forest Science

Background:

  • Interspecific relationships between tree seedling traits and performance are often inconsistent.
  • Environmental variation across sites can induce intraspecific variation in traits.
  • Below-ground traits and biomass allocation are crucial for seedling success but often understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying environmental conditions influence intraspecific variation in organ-level and biomass allocation traits.
  • To determine how these trait variations affect the relationships between traits and seedling performance (growth and mortality).
  • To understand the role of biomass allocation in early tree life stages and its response to site-specific conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 12 organ-level (above- and below-ground) and 3 biomass allocation traits for 26 tree species.
  • Assessed trait relationships with height growth (1716 seedlings) and mortality (15,862 seedlings).
  • Conducted study across three sites along a forest successional gradient in Costa Rica.

Main Results:

  • Significant intraspecific differences were found across sites in all allocation traits, and some organ-level traits.
  • Biomass allocation traits were stronger predictors of seedling performance than organ-level traits.
  • Relationships between allocation traits and performance varied significantly across sites, while organ-level trait relationships varied less.

Conclusions:

  • Biomass allocation is critical for early tree seedling establishment.
  • Site-specific environmental conditions modulate functional trait expression and their impact on seedling performance.
  • Understanding trait plasticity is key to predicting tree establishment dynamics in changing environments.