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Successive Years of Rice Straw Return Increased the Rice Yield and Soil Nutrients While Decreasing the Greenhouse Gas

Meikang Wu1, Min Nuo1, Zixian Jiang1

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Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 14, 2024
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Summary

Successive years of rice straw return significantly boost rice yields and improve soil nutrients. Four years of straw return (S4) increased yields, enhanced soil organic carbon and nitrogen, and reduced greenhouse gas intensity.

Keywords:
greenhouse gasrice yieldsoil nutrientsyears of straw return

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Straw return is crucial for black soil protection, food security, and environmental health.
  • Initial straw return (S1) can decrease rice yield and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
  • Long-term effects of successive straw return on rice production and emissions remain unclear in northeast China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of four successive years of rice straw return on rice yield, soil nutrients, and GHG emissions.
  • To compare the effects of different durations of straw return (S0-S4) in a northeast China rice-growing region.

Main Methods:

  • A positional experiment was conducted over four years with five treatments: no straw return (S0), one year (S1), two years (S2), three years (S3), and four years (S4) of straw return.
  • Rice yield, panicle density, spikelets per panicle, soil nutrient content (organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, NO3--N, available phosphorus, available potassium), and GHG intensity (GHGI) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Rice yields increased with successive straw return, with S4 showing a 16.98% increase over S1 and a 4.64% increase over S0. S4 also improved panicle and spikelet numbers compared to S1 and S0.
  • Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and key nutrient levels (NH4+-N, NO3--N, available P, available K) significantly increased under S4 compared to S0.
  • Greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) decreased with successive straw return, with S4 showing a 16.2% reduction compared to S1.

Conclusions:

  • Four successive years of rice straw return (S4) are optimal for enhancing rice yield and soil fertility in the northeast.
  • Continuous straw application effectively improves soil nutrient status and mitigates GHG emissions.
  • Long-term straw return strategies are vital for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in rice-producing regions.