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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Cryogenic Insulation-Towards Environmentally Friendly Polyurethane Foams.

Laima Vevere¹, Vladimir Yakushin¹, Beatrise Sture-Skela¹

¹Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.

|September 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced cryogenic insulation materials, including polyurethane foams, are evolving with sustainable blowing agents and bio-based polyols. These innovations aim to improve thermal performance and reduce environmental impact for low-temperature applications.

Keywords:

bio-based polyols energy saving fourth-generation blowing agents liquid gasses storage space technologies

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Cryogenics involves very low temperatures (below 120 K) crucial for applications like liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and space launchers.
Effective insulation is vital in cryogenic technology to minimize boil-off and prevent frost.
Rigid closed-cell foams, particularly polyurethane (PU) foam, offer a balance of thermal and mechanical properties for cryogenic insulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advancements in cryogenic insulation materials.
To highlight the integration of sustainable components like eco-friendly blowing agents and bio-based polyols.
To assess the impact of these innovations on thermal performance and environmental sustainability.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current cryogenic insulation materials and technologies.
Analysis of the properties of fourth-generation physical blowing agents (e.g., HFOs).
Evaluation of bio-based polyols derived from renewable resources and recycled PET in PU foams.

Main Results:

Polyurethane foams are extensively used, with specific types suited for internal (high strength) and external (lower density) cryogenic insulation.
New blowing agents like HFO-1233zd(E) and HFO-1336mzz(Z) offer low global warming potential and enhanced thermal conductivity.
Bio-based polyols from natural oils and recycled PET show promise for creating sustainable rigid PU foams with desirable cryogenic properties.

Conclusions:

The development of cryogenic insulation is shifting towards sustainability, incorporating environmentally friendly blowing agents and bio-based polyols.
These advanced materials offer improved thermal performance and reduced environmental impact for cryogenic storage and transport.
Ongoing research focuses on optimizing these materials for superior mechanical performance and ecological benefits.