Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure
Regina López Guillén1,2, María Argente Pla1,2, Andrea Micó García1
1Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital in Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients
|September 14, 2024
Summary
Malnutrition is common in heart failure (HF) patients, increasing sarcopenia risk and frailty. Early nutritional and functional assessments are vital for improving outcomes in HF patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Clinical Nutrition
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) significantly alters body composition, leading to malnutrition, inflammation, and increased energy expenditure.
- Identifying malnutrition and sarcopenia risk in HF patients is crucial for better clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of sarcopenia in outpatients with heart failure.
- To assess the association between malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study of 121 HF outpatients.
- Nutritional status assessed using MNA, MUST, SGA, and GLIM criteria.
- Sarcopenia screened with SARC-F and diagnosed using EWGSOP2 criteria, with functionality assessed by SPPB.
Main Results:
- 56.2% of patients met the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for malnutrition.
- 24.8% had a high probability of sarcopenia, and 57.8% were not autonomous based on SPPB.
- Cardiac cachexia was present in 10.7% of patients, and 45.4% of deceased patients had this condition.
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of malnutrition exists in heart failure outpatients, linked to poorer prognosis.
- Malnutrition is associated with increased sarcopenia risk and frailty in HF patients.
- Early nutritional and functional assessments are essential for improving clinical outcomes in heart failure.
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