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Implementing a Diet Risk Score (DRS) for Spanish-Speaking Adults in a Clinical Setting: A Feasibility Study.

Emily A Johnston1, Maria Torres2, John Hansen2

  • 1Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Nutrients
|September 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new Spanish Diet Risk Score (DRS-S) tool helps identify US Spanish-speaking adults at risk for diet-related cardiometabolic disease (CMD). The DRS-S showed significant agreement with detailed dietary recalls, validating its use in clinical settings.

Keywords:
Spanish languagecardiometabolic disease riskdiet assessmentdiet risk scorenutrition in clinical carerisk reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Diet significantly impacts cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk.
  • Effective dietary assessment tools are lacking for US Spanish-speaking adults.
  • Identifying at-risk individuals is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To translate and validate the Diet Risk Score (DRS) into Spanish (DRS-S).
  • To assess the relative validity of the DRS-S against detailed dietary recalls.
  • To evaluate the DRS-S as a tool for identifying diet-related CMD risk in Spanish-speaking populations.

Main Methods:

  • The validated Diet Risk Score (DRS) was translated into Spanish (DRS-S).
  • Bilingual medical students administered the DRS-S and two 24-hour dietary recalls (ASA24®) to participants.
  • Dietary intake was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015; statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and weighted kappa.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-one Spanish-speaking adults participated. The mean DRS-S score indicated higher risk (9/27), while the mean HEI-2015 score indicated moderate adherence (65.7/100).
  • Significant agreement was found between the DRS-S and HEI-2015 (r = -0.45, p = 0.01; weighted kappa = -0.3, p = 0.03).
  • The DRS-S demonstrated relative validity in assessing dietary risk for cardiometabolic disease.

Conclusions:

  • The Spanish Diet Risk Score (DRS-S) is a valid tool for brief dietary assessment in US Spanish-speaking adults.
  • The DRS-S can be utilized in resource-limited settings for early identification of diet-related CMD risk.
  • Further testing in clinical practice is recommended to evaluate the DRS-S's impact on dietary changes and CMD risk reduction.