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The composition of human milk.

R Jenness

    Seminars in Perinatology
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human milk composition includes fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, providing essential nutrients for infants. Its unique oligosaccharides may support gut health, while specific fatty acids and vitamins are crucial for development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human milk composition and infant nutrition

    Background:

    • Human milk is a complex biological fluid vital for infant nutrition.
    • Its composition varies from colostrum to mature milk and exhibits diurnal fluctuations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical composition of mature human milk.
    • To detail the macronutrient, micronutrient, and other bioactive components of human milk.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of macronutrient content (fat, protein, carbohydrate).
    • Identification and quantification of principal proteins, sugars, and fatty acids.
    • Assessment of mineral, phospholipid, and trace element concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • Mature milk contains 3-5% fat, 0.8-0.9% protein, 6.9-7.2% lactose, and 60-75 kcal/100 ml energy.
    • Key proteins include casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin; oligosaccharides may influence gut flora.
    • Milk fat is rich in palmitic and oleic acids; minerals like Na, K, Ca, P, and Cl are present.

    Conclusions:

    • Human milk provides an optimal nutritional profile for infants, with specific components like oligosaccharides and fatty acids potentially offering additional health benefits.
    • The composition is generally stable, with minor variations influenced by factors like feeding time.
    Keywords:
    BiologyBreast FeedingHealthInfant NutritionLactationLiterature ReviewMaternal PhysiologyNutritionPhysiology

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