Unraveling the protein post-translational modification landscape: Neuroinflammation and neuronal death after stroke

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biochemistry
• Pathology

Background:

• Stroke, encompassing cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), poses a significant global health burden due to high mortality and morbidity.
• Stroke pathophysiology involves secondary damage and irreversible neuronal dysfunction.
• Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in brain injury following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the landscape of PTMs in neuroinflammation and neuronal death relevant to cerebral ischemia, ICH, and SAH.
• To elucidate the role of PTMs in regulating pathological mechanisms underlying stroke.
• To present key techniques and proteomic strategies for PTM identification.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on PTMs in stroke.
• Analysis of PTMs including phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and succinylation.
• Discussion of proteomic strategies for PTM identification.

Main Results:

• PTMs play a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal death in various stroke types.
• Specific PTMs are implicated in the complex pathophysiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
• Proteomic approaches are vital for identifying and understanding the functional significance of PTMs in stroke.

Conclusions:

• Exploring the PTM landscape is essential for comprehending stroke pathophysiology, injury, and repair mechanisms.
• Understanding PTMs can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke.
• This review highlights the critical importance of PTMs in stroke research and clinical applications.