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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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The evolution of tenascins.

Josephine C Adams1, Richard P Tucker2

  • 1School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.

BMC Ecology and Evolution
|September 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of tenascin proteins in chordates involved gene duplication events, leading to distinct tenascin-C, tenascin-R, tenascin-W, and tenascin-X paralogs. These genes arose through whole genome and local duplications, coinciding with vertebrate evolution.

Keywords:
EvolutionExtracellular matrixPhylogenyTenascin

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix evolution is linked to organogenesis in metazoans.
  • Tenascins are chordate extracellular matrix glycoproteins involved in cell signaling and morphogenesis.
  • The evolutionary history of the tenascin gene family, with its multiple vertebrate paralogs, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and diversification of tenascin proteins across chordate lineages.
  • To construct an evolutionary model for the tenascin gene family.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of hemichordates, cephalochordates, tunicates, agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, and tetrapods.
  • Identification of predicted tenascin proteins.
  • Assessment of evolutionary relationships using sequence conservation, molecular phylogeny, and gene synteny conservation.

Main Results:

  • A new evolutionary model for tenascin origin in ancestral chordates is proposed.
  • Tenascin-C-like and tenascin-R-like paralogs emerged after a vertebrate whole genome duplication.
  • Tenascin-X arose from a second gnathostome whole genome duplication, and tenascin-W from a local duplication of tenascin-R.

Conclusions:

  • Tenascin paralog diversity in vertebrates resulted from selective gene retention after whole genome and local duplications.
  • The emergence of specific tenascin paralogs correlates with the development of vertebrate-specific tissues.
  • Examples include tenascin-C in the craniofacial skeleton, tenascin-R in the central nervous system, and tenascin-W in bone.