Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2025
09:04
Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
Published on: May 22, 2014
20.9K
Beyond Genes: Epiregulomes as Molecular Commanders in Innate Immunity
Ashiq Ali1, Urooj Azmat2, Ziyi Ji1
1Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, China.
International Immunopharmacology
|September 15, 2024
Summary
The epiregulome, influenced by epigenetic factors, shapes innate immune cell responses to pathogens and inflammation. Understanding its regulation is key to controlling immune reactions and preventing damage.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Epigenetics
- Genomics
Background:
- The innate immune system is crucial for rapidly responding to pathogens and danger signals, preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage.
- The epiregulome, comprising chromatin structure and cis-regulatory elements, plays a vital role in modulating gene expression for specific cellular functions.
- Epigenetic factors dynamically influence the epiregulome, impacting innate immune cell responses during and after infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore how epiregulomes are formed and regulated by epigenetic modifications during innate immune responses.
- To investigate the role of epiregulomes in controlling gene expression for innate immune cell growth and response to inflammation.
- To discuss the impact of immuno-metabolic changes on epiregulomes and challenges in identifying key regulatory elements.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on innate immunity, epigenetics, and gene regulation.
- Analysis of how epigenetic factors shape the epiregulome during infection.
- Examination of the interplay between gene expression, chromatin modifiers, and enzyme activity.
Main Results:
- Epiregulomes are dynamically shaped by changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and chromatin modifier targeting during immune responses.
- Epiregulomes dictate the expression of genes essential for innate immune cell function, growth, and inflammatory responses.
- Immuno-metabolic reprogramming significantly influences epiregulome formation and function.
Conclusions:
- The epiregulome is a critical regulator of innate immunity and inflammation, orchestrating cell-specific gene expression patterns.
- Challenges exist in identifying the master epiregulome regulators due to the complexity of epigenetic modifications and immuno-metabolic interactions.
- Further research into epiregulome dynamics is essential for understanding and potentially manipulating innate immune responses.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
1.6K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
1.6K
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
2.4K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.4K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
764
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
764
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
01:25Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
1.4K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
1.4K
01:28Inflammatory Response
1.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
1.9K