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[The social structure of primates].

C Welker

    Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur
    |June 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Primate social structures are diverse, lacking a single typical form. Ancestral primates were solitary, with gregarious societies evolving independently through pair bonds or female-centric groups, influenced by phylogeny.

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    Area of Science:

    • Primate social behavior and evolutionary biology.
    • Comparative ethology and sociobiology.
    • Primate phylogeny and behavioral ecology.

    Context:

    • Existing primate social structures are highly variable and do not stem from a single ancestral type.
    • The ancestral primate condition is hypothesized to be solitary or loosely aggregated living.
    • Gregarious social systems evolved independently multiple times across primate lineages.

    Purpose:

    • To conduct a comprehensive comparative study of primate social structures.
    • To investigate the evolutionary pathways leading to diverse primate social systems.
    • To identify key factors influencing the development of sociality in primates.

    Summary:

    • Primate social structures lack a universal model, with diverse forms evolving independently from a solitary ancestry.
    • Social evolution in primates occurred via distinct pathways, leading to pair bonds, small family groups, or female-centric societies.
    • Key factors include female tolerance, close contact, and phylogenetic position, with social units often being matrilocal, except in gibbons and pongids.

    Impact:

    • Reveals that primate social complexity arises from individual discrimination abilities and longevity.
    • Highlights the independent evolution of social structures across different primate groups (prosimians, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys).
    • Establishes that dominance hierarchies are not a universal primate trait, with linear hierarchies being rare exceptions.

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