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Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
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Masticatory function in growing individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A longitudinal study.

Meili Ding1,2, Yanfeng Kang3, Man Qin1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) patients showed inferior masticatory function and efficiency compared to controls. Prosthetic rehabilitation improved chewing function in HED individuals from childhood to adolescence.

Keywords:
anterior temporalis muscleselectromyographyhypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasiamastication

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder characterized by defective development of ectodermal structures, leading to missing teeth (oligodontia/anodontia).
  • Patients with HED often require prosthetic rehabilitation, such as dentures, to restore masticatory function.
  • Evaluating the long-term impact of prosthetic rehabilitation on masticatory function in growing HED patients is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To preliminarily assess changes in masticatory function in Chinese individuals with HED undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation.
  • To compare the masticatory performance of HED patients with healthy controls from childhood through adolescence.
  • To analyze the effects of prosthetic rehabilitation on muscle activity and chewing efficiency over time.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 10 HED patients and a control group of healthy children and adolescents.
  • Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded masseter (MM) and anterior temporalis (TA) muscle activity during clenching and chewing.
  • Analysis included EMG activity, asymmetry index (As), activity index (Ac), chewing cycle, spectrophotometric measurement of masticatory efficiency, and a subjective questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • HED patients exhibited lower EMG activities and masticatory efficiency, with higher asymmetry (As) compared to controls during both childhood and adolescence.
  • Chewing stimulation improved TA muscle activity and reduced asymmetry in HED adolescents.
  • HED adolescents demonstrated a more prominent TA muscle activity.

Conclusions:

  • Growing HED patients demonstrate functionally inferior masticatory capabilities compared to dentate individuals.
  • The functional gap in masticatory performance between HED patients and controls narrows from childhood to adolescence, suggesting some adaptive improvement with age and rehabilitation.
  • Prosthetic rehabilitation plays a role in improving masticatory function in HED patients during their developmental years.