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Assessing Bronchiectasis Progression in Low-dose Screening for Lung Cancer: Frequency and Predictors.

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Bronchiectasis progression occurred in 6.4% of participants in low-dose CT screening. Age, smoking history, and specific CT findings predict progression, highlighting the need for ongoing assessment in smokers.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Screening

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis is linked to reduced lung function and increased mortality in cardiopulmonary diseases.
  • Early detection and understanding progression are crucial for managing this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of bronchiectasis progression or new development in participants of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening programs.
  • To identify predictors of bronchiectasis progression in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort from the Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program (ELCAP) between 2010-2019.
  • Review of baseline and follow-up low-dose CT scans (5+ years) and medical records.
  • Logistic and multivariate regression analyses to identify associated factors.

Main Results:

  • Of 534 participants with 5+ years follow-up, 6.4% showed progressed or newly developed bronchiectasis.
  • Significant predictors included age, pack-years of smoking, and ELCAP Bronchiectasis Score components (bronchial dilatation severity/extent, wall thickening, mucoid impaction).

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 136 of 2182 participants are expected to progress based on observed rates.
  • Bronchiectasis should be reported in smokers due to their increased risk.
  • Continued assessment during low-dose CT screening can enable early detection and intervention.