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Nutrition and cancer: physiological interrelationships.

J van Eys

    Annual Review of Nutrition
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    There is no unique cancer malnutrition; metabolic disturbances are linked to tumor cell differences and size. Cancer cachexia is often starvation, not specific to cancer, impacting patient management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Metabolic Medicine
    • Nutrition Science

    Background:

    • Tumors can cause paraneoplastic syndromes and specific host effects based on location (hypothalamus, intestines, liver).
    • Immune system tumors can lead to distant consequences.
    • Existing evidence suggests a lack of a unique cancer malnutrition syndrome.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the concept of a unique cancer malnutrition.
    • To differentiate between cancer cachexia and general malnutrition in cancer patients.
    • To explore the metabolic basis of cancer-associated wasting.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of experimental evidence and model systems.
    • Analysis of nutritional manipulation in cancer treatment.
    • Examination of metabolic differences between tumor and normal cells.
    • Assessment of tumor burden's role in metabolic disturbances.

    Main Results:

    • Early-stage cancer typically does not present with malnutrition.
    • Metabolic disturbances are explainable by tumor-normal cell metabolic differences and tumor bulk.
    • Cancer cachexia often resembles starvation or cachexia seen in major injury/sepsis, rather than a distinct cancer-specific process.

    Conclusions:

    • The data strongly suggest that a unique cancer malnutrition does not exist.
    • Metabolic disturbances and cachexia in cancer patients are largely attributable to tumor burden and general metabolic principles.
    • Distinguishing between general malnutrition/starvation and specific cancer cachexia has significant implications for patient management.

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