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Efficient Electron Injection into Graphullerene Enables Reversible NaC2 Sodium Storage.

Shweta Choudhary1, Ritika Saroha1, Swastika Banerjee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Graphullerene anodes show high capacity for sodium-ion (Na-ion) storage, overcoming limitations of graphite. This design enables efficient, reversible Na-ion battery performance for grid storage applications.

Keywords:
cooperative mechanismenergy storagefullerene networkgraphullerenegraphulleriteintercalation anodesodium-ion batteriessuperionic Na-diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries are explored as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for grid storage.
  • Graphite anodes face limitations in Na-ion storage due to thermodynamics and structural instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally design and evaluate graphullerene as a novel anode material for reversible Na-ion storage.
  • To investigate the electron injection capacity and Na-ion storage performance of graphullerene.

Main Methods:

  • Computational design and exploration of graphullerene structure.
  • Analysis of electron injection capacity and Na-ion stoichiometry.
  • Evaluation of specific capacity, open circuit voltage, and ion diffusivity.

Main Results:

  • Graphullerene exhibits a high electron injection capacity of 15 electrons per fullerene moiety.
  • Achieved large-scale Na-ion storage up to NaC₂ stoichiometry with 551 mAhg⁻¹ specific capacity.
  • Demonstrated rapid Na-ion insertion/extraction kinetics due to enhanced surface diffusivity.

Conclusions:

  • Graphullerene is a promising anode material for high-capacity, reversible Na-ion storage.
  • Increasing electron injection limit is a viable strategy for advanced carbon anodes.
  • This approach avoids artificial defect introduction or doping for enhanced performance.