[Problems posed by vitamin D in early childhood].

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue affecting all demographics.
• Emerging research highlights vitamin D's critical roles and deficiency-related pathologies.
• The impact of maternal vitamin D status on offspring health is a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the influence of maternal vitamin D nutritional status during pregnancy and lactation on the future health of offspring.
• To review the potential complications associated with vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and nursing infants.
• To emphasize the importance of vitamin D supplementation in maternal and infant health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation.
• Analysis of associations between maternal vitamin D status and maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.
• Examination of the long-term health implications for offspring exposed to vitamin D deficiency in utero and through breastfeeding.

Main Results:

• Maternal vitamin D deficiency is linked to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and premature birth.
• Offspring complications include low birth weight, neonatal hypocalcemia, and rickets.
• Potential long-term risks for offspring encompass asthma, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Maternal vitamin D deficiency poses significant risks to offspring's immediate and long-term health.
• Breastfeeding mothers with low vitamin D may transfer risks to infants, including later-life depression and sleep disorders.
• Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation is strongly recommended to mitigate these risks.