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Cat-Scratch Disease Mimicking Neoplastic Etiology in a Complex Clinical Presentation: A Case Report
Evan Smith1, Rob Lawless1, Andrew Hoellein1
1Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) can mimic cancer in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and doxycycline treatment resolved symptoms in an HIV-positive man with complex conditions.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae.
- It typically presents as lymphadenopathy after a cat scratch or bite.
Observation:
- A 50-year-old man with HIV, Crohn's disease, and other conditions presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and night sweats.
- Initial assessments suggested a neoplastic cause, necessitating extensive investigations.
- Elevated Bartonella antibody titers led to a CSD diagnosis.
Findings:
- Empirical doxycycline treatment resulted in complete symptom resolution.
- This case highlights diagnostic challenges in complex patients.
Implications:
- CSD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, especially in people living with HIV.
- Early recognition and treatment are crucial for managing CSD in diverse patient populations.
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