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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

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A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Single-cell multi-omics identify novel regulators required for osteoclastogenesis during aging.

Hao Li¹, Wan-Xing Xu², Jing-Cong Tan²

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

|September 16, 2024

Summary

Aging bone marrow shifts favor osteoclast differentiation, increasing osteoporosis risk. Key genes like Cebpd drive this process, while Irf8, Sox4, and Klf4 offer counterbalancing roles for potential therapies.

Keywords:

Cell biology Molecular biology Omics Transcriptomics

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

* Bone Biology and Aging Research
* Immunology and Cellular Differentiation
* Osteoporosis Pathogenesis

Background:

* Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by disrupted bone homeostasis and increased fracture risk.
* The precise mechanisms driving age-related changes in bone marrow macrophages/osteoclasts (BMMs/OCs) lineage remain incompletely understood.
* Understanding these cellular dynamics is crucial for developing effective osteoporosis treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate the molecular determinants controlling BMMs/OCs differentiation during aging.
* To identify key genes and cellular pathways involved in age-related osteoporosis.
* To uncover potential therapeutic targets for mitigating age-related bone loss.

Main Methods:

* Single-cell multi-omics profiling was employed on bone marrow samples from mice at three different ages (1, 6, and 20 months).
* Comparative analysis was performed to identify age-associated cellular and molecular changes.
* Gene expression patterns and their functional roles in osteoclastogenesis were assessed.

Main Results:

* Aging significantly promotes osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow precursors.
* The gene Cebpd was identified as a critical factor promoting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in aged mice.
* Genes Irf8, Sox4, and Klf4 were found to play counterbalancing roles, potentially inhibiting excessive osteoclast activity.

Conclusions:

* This study elucidates novel mechanisms underlying age-related osteoporosis by examining cellular dynamics in aging bone marrow.
* Cebpd emerges as a key driver of age-related osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
* The identified genes (Cebpd, Irf8, Sox4, Klf4) represent potential therapeutic targets for managing osteoporosis in aging populations.