Complex management of concurrent lower extremity arteriovenous malformations: A case study and review of...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular anomalies that present complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in uncommon locations such as the lower extremities. A 72-year-old female with chronic atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease presented with severe lower extremity edema due to multiple AVMs below the knee. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary, individualized approach in managing complex AVMs and highlights the need for advanced imaging and diverse interventional techniques to ensure effective treatment and long-term outcomes.