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Developing Core Indicators for Evaluating Second Victim Programs: An International Consensus Approach.

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A consensus was reached on 11 key indicators for evaluating second victim (SV) support programs. This standardized approach aids in consistent monitoring and outcome measurement for SV interventions.

Keywords:
evaluationindicatorspatient safetyprogramssecond victim

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Quality and Safety
  • Medical Error Research
  • Human Factors in Medicine

Background:

  • Second victims (SVs) are healthcare professionals experiencing distress after adverse events.
  • Existing methods for evaluating SV support interventions lack standardization, hindering comparisons.
  • A consensus-based approach is needed to develop consistent evaluation metrics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus on indicators for evaluating second victim (SV) support interventions.
  • To facilitate standardized comparison of SV support programs over time and across institutions.

Main Methods:

  • A three-phase qualitative consensus study involving the European Researchers Network Working on Second Victims.
  • Utilized nominal group technique and scoping review to develop a Delphi questionnaire.
  • Conducted two Delphi rounds with high response rates, followed by a consensus conference.

Main Results:

  • Consensus was achieved on 11 indicators for evaluating SV support programs.
  • These indicators cover awareness, activation, program outcomes, and institutional training.
  • The process refined 113 initial indicators down to a core set of 11.

Conclusions:

  • A validated scoreboard for designing, monitoring, and evaluating SV support programs has been developed.
  • The established indicators will enable standardized outcome measurement in future research.
  • This consensus provides a framework for improving the quality and consistency of SV support.