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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program.

Martha J Bailey1, Hilary Hoynes2, Maya Rossin-Slater3

  • 1University of California-Los Angeles and NBER, USA.

The Review of Economic Studies
|September 16, 2024
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Summary

Early access to Food Stamps improved long-term outcomes for children. Increased economic resources in early childhood led to better adult human capital, economic self-sufficiency, and health, with reduced incarceration rates.

Keywords:
Food StampsI18I31I38J13J24Long-runSocial safety net

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Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Policy-driven increases in economic resources can impact child development.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of early childhood interventions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how policy-driven economic resource increases affect children's long-term outcomes.
  • To quantify the impact of early access to the Food Stamps program on adult life outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans.
  • Linked 2000 Census and 2001-13 American Community Survey data with Social Security Administration NUMIDENT records.
  • Leveraged the county-level rollout of the Food Stamps program (1961-1975) to identify causal effects.

Main Results:

  • Children with greater pre-age five economic resources showed improved adult outcomes.
  • Treatment-on-the-treated effects indicated a 6% human capital improvement, 3% economic self-sufficiency increase, and 8% neighborhood quality rise.
  • Observed a 1.2-year increase in life expectancy and a 0.5 percentage-point decrease in incarceration likelihood.

Conclusions:

  • The Food Stamps program's resource transfers represent a cost-effective investment in early childhood.
  • Early childhood economic support yields significant, long-lasting benefits across multiple life domains.
  • The marginal value of public funds for this intervention is estimated at approximately sixty-two.