2DOF-PID-TD: A new hybrid control approach of load frequency control in an interconnected thermal-hydro power system

The Load Frequency Control (LFC) scheme, with its primary aim being the maintenance of uniform frequency, has been a heavily researched topic for decades. Achieving a consistent frequency necessitates a delicate balance between load demand and power generation. Researchers strive to find an optimal solution within the LFC domain-one that can effectively withstand drastic load fluctuations. Despite a plethora of efforts, the LFC dilemma remains unresolved, complicated by factors such as dwindling demand-supply and the rapid integration of renewables. Furthermore, the lack of innovation in controller structure design exacerbates the complexity of solving modern LFC problems. Consequently, a robust control approach capable of handling uncertainties while simultaneously regulating system frequency becomes crucial. In light of this, we propose a novel hybrid control architecture called 2DOF-PID-TD. This architecture combines Two Degrees Of Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (2DOF-PID) and Tilt-Derivative (TD) controllers. To optimize the proposed controller, we employ a metaheuristic called the Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (AGTO), which mimics the social behavior and intelligence of gorilla troops. The proposed approach is analyzed in a realistic multi-area multi-source hydro-thermal system, accounting for nonlinearities, random load perturbations, and system parametric uncertainties. Experimental results, when compared with current state-of-the-art optimization algorithms and traditional controller structures, demonstrate the prowess of our approach in terms of precision, robustness, and resilience.