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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Published on: February 21, 2016

Constructing condylar cartilage organoid to explore primary cilia functions.

Zhan Liu¹, Haoyu Zhou¹, Qingwei Wu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China.

|September 16, 2024

Summary

We developed a condylar cartilage organoid model that better mimics natural tissue structure and extracellular matrix. This organoid system is superior for studying primary cilia function and Hedgehog signaling pathways.

Keywords:

Condylar cartilage organoid Hedgehog signaling pathway IFT88 Primary cilia RNA sequencing

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Organoids to Study Primary Ciliogenesis During ex vivo Organogenesis

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Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model

Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model

Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Organoid culture systems offer superior recapitulation of native tissue structure and cell-matrix interactions compared to 2D cultures.
Primary cilia play crucial roles in cellular function and signaling, but their behavior in complex tissue models requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct a condylar cartilage organoid model that accurately reflects native tissue architecture and extracellular matrix composition.
To investigate the role of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in the developed condylar cartilage organoid.

Main Methods:

Construction of a three-dimensional condylar cartilage organoid.
Comparative analysis of primary cilia length and distribution between organoids, 2D cultures, and native cartilage.
Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses to assess cilia-related gene expression and Hedgehog signaling.
IFT88 knockdown experiments to evaluate its impact on key protein levels.

Main Results:

The condylar cartilage organoid successfully replicated the zonal structure and abundant extracellular matrix of natural condylar cartilage.
Primary cilia in the organoid exhibited lengths comparable to native cartilage, unlike shorter cilia in 2D cultures.
IFT88 knockdown differentially affected protein levels (COL-X, TRPV4, Hedgehog signaling) in organoids versus 2D cultures, with specific increases in the superficial zone of the organoid.

Conclusions:

The developed condylar cartilage organoid serves as a more physiologically relevant model for studying primary cilia.
The organoid system provides a valuable platform for dissecting the intricate roles of primary cilia and associated signaling pathways in cartilage biology.