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Pacing strategies in marathons: A systematic review
Jungong Sha1, Qing Yi2, Xin Jiang2
1School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Heliyon
|September 16, 2024
Summary
This systematic review analyzed marathon pacing strategies, finding positive pacing is most common. Gender and distance significantly influence these dynamic race tactics, offering insights for athletes and coaches.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Athletic Performance Analysis
Background:
- Pacing strategy is crucial for athletes to manage energy distribution throughout a race.
- Quantitative analysis of marathon pacing enhances understanding of athlete behavior and physical capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and characterize pacing strategies in marathon road races.
- To identify factors influencing pacing strategies during marathon events.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of electronic databases (Science Direct, SPORTDiscuss, PubMed, Web of Science) up to July 2024.
- Inclusion of observational and experimental studies measuring pace performance in adult athletes without experimental intervention.
- Analysis of 39 studies covering half-marathon, full-marathon, and ultramarathon road races.
Main Results:
- Positive pacing was reported in approximately 77% of studies, followed by even pacing (13%), negative pacing (18%), and parabolic pacing (8%).
- Pacing profiles and ranges are key indicators of pacing strategies.
- Gender and distance were identified as the most substantial factors influencing dynamic pacing strategies.
Conclusions:
- Marathon pacing strategies are dynamic and influenced by factors like gender and distance.
- Three main pacing strategies identified: positive, negative, and even pacing.
- Findings provide practical insights for athletes and coaches to optimize performance through informed tactical choices and pace planning.
