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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency,...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...

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Comprehensive Characterization of Drying Oil Oxidation and Polymerization Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy.

Gwen DePolo^1,2, Piet Iedema², Kenneth Shull¹

¹Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

|September 16, 2024

Summary

This study reveals how drying oils cure into polymer networks. Lead(II) oxide (PbO) as a catalyst accelerates curing, creating heterogeneous networks and reducing oxidation, especially at lower temperatures.

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Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Art Conservation Science

Background:

Drying oils, like linseed oil, are triglycerides forming polymer networks via free-radical polymerization.
Understanding oil paint curing is crucial for conservation, linking structure to long-term stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate drying oil curing behavior under varying conditions.
To analyze the impact of temperature and lead(II) oxide (PbO) catalyst on oil polymer network formation.

Main Methods:

Time-resolved Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.
Comprehensive data analysis of five drying oil types.
Kinetic parameter analysis.

Main Results:

A phase transition, akin to a gel point, was observed, particularly with PbO, after which curing slowed.
PbO catalysis resulted in heterogeneous cross-link density and reduced oxidation.
Lower temperatures favored carboxylic acid group formation in PbO-treated oils.

Conclusions:

PbO significantly alters drying oil curing kinetics and network structure.
Curing temperature influences network heterogeneity and oxidation levels.
Findings provide insights into oil paint aging and conservation strategies.