Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A great mimic

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and underdiagnosed condition, often presenting with variable symptoms, making it challenging to identify. This case report highlights the clinical relevance of CTEPH, emphasizing its misdiagnosis as asthma and the need for increased awareness in recognizing its atypical presentations.

To present a case of CTEPH misdiagnosed as asthma, showcasing the importance of early identification and raising awareness about the underrepresentation of this disease.

A 39-year-old male with a history of misdiagnosed asthma presented with progressive dyspnea. Despite treatment with inhalers, symptoms persisted. Further investigations revealed dilated pulmonary arteries, right ventricular dysfunction, and elevated pulmonary pressures. Subsequent examinations confirmed CTEPH, leading to referral for surgical thromboembolectomy. Postoperative assessments demonstrated significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters.

This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing CTEPH, especially when presenting as asthma. Heightened awareness among healthcare professionals is crucial for timely recognition, considering the potential for favorable outcomes with appropriate intervention. Recognition of CTEPH as a differential diagnosis for dyspnea, particularly in those with a history of pulmonary embolism, is essential for providing accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.