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The Retina01:32

The Retina

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
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A flexible photoacoustic retinal prosthesis.

Audrey Leong1, Yueming Li2, Thijs R Ruikes1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.

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|September 16, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel photoacoustic retinal stimulation technology using a flexible film to restore vision in blindness. This approach precisely targets retinal cells, showing promising results for visual restoration in preclinical models.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Retinal degenerative diseases cause irreversible photoreceptor loss and blindness.
  • Current treatments for retinal degeneration are limited, necessitating novel approaches for vision restoration.
  • Retinal prostheses aim to restore vision by stimulating remaining retinal neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel photoacoustic retinal stimulation technology for visual restoration.
  • To assess the precision and efficacy of photoacoustic stimulation in modulating retinal activity.
  • To investigate the in vivo neural modulation and biosafety of the photoacoustic device.

Main Methods:

  • A polydimethylsiloxane and carbon-based flexible film was designed to convert near-infrared laser pulses into acoustic fields.
  • Photoacoustic stimulation was performed on ex vivo wild-type and degenerated retinae to modulate retinal ganglion cell activity.
  • In vivo experiments involved implanting the film in the rat subretinal space and measuring neural modulation using functional ultrasound imaging.
  • Biosafety was assessed using optical coherence tomography and thermal measurements.

Main Results:

  • The photoacoustic film achieved a lateral resolution of 56 μm for high-precision acoustic stimulation.
  • Robust and localized modulation of retinal ganglion cell activity was observed in both wild-type and degenerated ex vivo retinae.
  • In vivo stimulation successfully generated neural modulation along the visual pathway to the superior colliculus.
  • The implanted film demonstrated short-term biosafety with minimal local thermal increase (<1 °C).

Conclusions:

  • Photoacoustic retinal stimulation is a promising technology for precise neural modulation in the retina.
  • This technology has the potential for high-acuity visual restoration in blind patients.
  • The developed device shows good biosafety and efficacy in preclinical models, paving the way for future clinical applications.