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How Advanced are Nanocarriers for Effective Subretinal Injection?

Jia-Xin Guan1,2, Yan-Ling Wang1,2, Jia-Lin Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nanocarriers offer superior advantages over viral vectors for subretinal injections in treating eye diseases like macular degeneration and hereditary retinopathies. Their enhanced properties promise safer and more effective ocular gene therapy delivery.

Keywords:
drug deliverygene therapynanomedicinenanoparticlesnon-viral vectorssubretinal injection

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Subretinal injection (SR injection) is a key ocular drug delivery method for conditions like neovascular age-associated macular degeneration (nAMD) and hereditary retinopathies (IRD).
  • Traditional viral vectors used in SR injection face limitations including poor efficiency, restricted gene capacity, and immune responses.
  • Nanotechnology has emerged, leading to nanocarriers as a promising non-viral vector for ocular gene therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages of subretinal injection for ocular diseases.
  • To highlight the progress and potential of nanocarriers as non-viral vectors in SR injection therapy.
  • To discuss the limitations and future directions of nanocarrier-based SR injection for fundus disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on viral vectors in subretinal injection gene therapy.
  • Focus on recent advancements in nanocarrier technology for SR injection.
  • Analysis of nanocarrier properties, advantages, and limitations compared to viral vectors.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarriers exhibit significant advantages over viral vectors, including low immunogenicity, high loading capacity, and structural stability.
  • Nanocarriers have successfully addressed challenges unmet by viral vectors, offering improved safety and efficacy.
  • Recent advancements show nanocarriers are a promising frontier for treating various fundus diseases via SR injection.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocarrier-mediated SR injection represents a significant advancement in ocular gene therapy.
  • Nanocarriers offer a safer, more effective, and versatile alternative to viral vectors for treating fundus lesions.
  • Further research into nanocarriers will provide a strong theoretical basis for their widespread clinical application in SR injection.