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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
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Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders.

Balendra P Singh1, Nishi Singh2, Srinivasan Jayaraman3

  • 1Cochrane India-King George's Medical University, Lucknow affiliate, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review found very uncertain evidence on occlusal interventions for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). While occlusal splints may reduce chewing pain, more high-quality research is needed to confirm effectiveness for TMD symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Health
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass joint and muscle pain, affecting jaw function.
  • TMD can be myogenous (muscle-related), arthrogenous (joint-related), or mixed.
  • Occlusal interventions aim to improve tooth alignment to alleviate TMD symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate occlusal interventions for temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
  • To compare occlusal interventions against no treatment or other therapies.
  • To assess effects on pain, quality of life, and recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 57 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2846 participants.
  • Included occlusal splints (e.g., full hard stabilisation splints) and occlusal adjustments.
  • Assessed outcomes like joint and muscle pain, joint noise, discomfort, and recurrence.

Main Results:

  • Very low certainty evidence for all comparisons and outcomes.
  • Occlusal splints may slightly reduce muscle pain during chewing compared to no treatment.
  • Orofacial myofunctional therapy might reduce joint noise severity compared to occlusal splints.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to conclude on the effectiveness of occlusal interventions for TMD.
  • High-quality, well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed.
  • Future research should focus on primary care recruitment and cost-effectiveness.