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Deformation-induced phase separation of active vesicles.

Yi-Yang Jin1, Yan Jin1, Zi-Xuan Shi1

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Deformable active vesicles (DAVs) exhibit phase separation when their deformability changes. This active matter model shows transitions between gas, liquid, and solid states, impacting collective behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Active materials like cells and bacteria are inherently deformable.
  • Deformability plays a crucial role in the collective behaviors and movement of active matter in complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and investigate a two-dimensional deformable active vesicle (DAV) model to simulate cell-like deformable active matter.
  • To explore how adjustable deformability influences the collective behavior and phase transitions of active matter.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-dimensional deformable active vesicle (DAV) model.
  • Continuous adjustment of particle deformability to observe system responses.
  • Analysis of phase transitions, effective concentration, particle size and shape, motility, and stress.

Main Results:

  • Changes in deformability induce phase separation in DAVs.
  • The system transitions between homogeneous gas, gas-liquid coexistence, and gas-solid coexistence states.
  • Deformation-induced phase separation is linked to nonmonotonic changes in effective concentration, particle size, and shape.
  • Deformability affects motility and stress within the dense phase post-separation.

Conclusions:

  • Deformability is a critical parameter governing the collective behavior and emergent properties of active matter.
  • The DAV model provides a platform to study the impact of deformability on active matter systems.
  • Findings offer new insights into self-organization and emergent phenomena in biological and synthetic active matter.