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RhLHY-RhTPPF-Tre6P Inhibits Flowering in Rosa hybrida Under Insufficient Light by Regulating Sugar Distribution.

Yingdong Fan1,2, Wuhua Zhang1,2, Jinzhu Zhang1,2

  • 1College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.

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Reduced light delays rose flowering by impacting sugar levels. A key gene, RhTPPF, and its regulator, RhLHY, control sugar balance and flowering time, revealing a novel regulatory module.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Light is essential for plant development, influencing flowering time and energy. The specific molecular mechanisms regulating flowering in response to light intensity and daylength in modern roses are not fully understood.
  • Insufficient light in 'Carola' roses leads to delayed flowering and reduced sugar content in terminal buds, indicating a link between light, sugar metabolism, and floral initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which light, specifically light intensity, regulates flowering in *Rosa hybrida*.
  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in light-mediated sugar metabolism and floral development in roses.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing to identify genes responding to low light conditions.
  • Gene expression analysis (overexpression and silencing) in rose calli and whole plants, as well as in tobacco.
  • Biochemical assays to measure sugar levels (trehalose-6-phosphate and trehalose).
  • Molecular techniques including yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to investigate gene interactions.

Main Results:

  • The gene *RhTPPF* (Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase F) was identified as a key player, modulating trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) metabolism under low light.
  • Overexpression of *RhTPPF* in rose calli increased sugar content and suppressed flowering-related genes (*RhCO/FT*), while silencing it in roses accelerated flowering.
  • The circadian rhythm gene *RhLHY* (LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL) was found to directly bind to the *RhTPPF* promoter, regulating its expression.
  • Altering *RhLHY* expression affected Tre6P synthesis and sucrose transport gene expression, with *RhLHY* overexpression suppressing flowering and silencing promoting it.

Conclusions:

  • A novel regulatory module involving *RhLHY*, *RhTPPF*, and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) was identified, which maintains sugar balance and inhibits flowering under reduced light conditions.
  • This module regulates sugar distribution and floral initiation, providing insights into how roses adapt their flowering response to varying light environments.