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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
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Comparative Study Between Variable Flip Angle and Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery for Evaluating Renal

Chenchen Hua1, Yi Zhuang2, Miaoyan Wang2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Both Variable Flip Angle (VFA) and Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) effectively assess renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Corticomedullary T1 values showed no significant difference between the two T1 mapping methods.

Keywords:
T1 mappingchronic kidney diseasefibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Nephrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) evaluation often involves assessing renal interstitial fibrosis (IF).
  • Variable Flip Angle (VFA) and Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) are common T1 mapping techniques for noninvasive IF assessment.
  • Direct comparison of VFA and MOLLI for renal IF evaluation is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic efficacy of VFA and MOLLI for T1 mapping in evaluating renal IF.
  • To determine if VFA or MOLLI is superior for assessing renal interstitial fibrosis in CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 51 CKD patients and 18 healthy volunteers.
  • T1 mapping was performed using 3.0T MRI with both VFA (3D gradient echo) and MOLLI (2D gradient echo) sequences.
  • Image quality, T1 values (cortex, medulla), corticomedullary T1 difference (ΔT1), and ratio (ratio T1) were analyzed and correlated with biopsy-proven IF grades.

Main Results:

  • MOLLI demonstrated significantly better image quality than VFA.
  • While absolute cortex and medulla T1 values differed significantly between VFA and MOLLI, the corticomedullary T1 difference (ΔT1) and ratio (ratio T1) showed no significant difference.
  • No significant difference was observed in the diagnostic performance for renal IF between VFA and MOLLI T1 mapping methods.

Conclusions:

  • Both VFA and MOLLI are effective for the noninvasive assessment of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  • Corticomedullary T1 difference and ratio are comparable between VFA and MOLLI, suggesting interchangeability for IF assessment.
  • Further research may explore optimal sequences for specific renal pathologies.