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  11. Assessing The Effects Of Three Anthropogenic Activities On The Mosquito, Anopheles Gambiae S.l. Species Composition And Pyrethroid Resistance Mechanisms In Abidjan City, Côte D'ivoire

Assessing the effects of three anthropogenic activities on the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.l. species composition and pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Abidjan city, Côte d'Ivoire

Alain K Y Kacou1,2, Constant Edi2, Behi K Fodjo1,2

  • 1Biology and Animal Cytology Laboratory, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Medical and Veterinary Entomology
|September 16, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes varies across urban Abidjan, influenced by human activities. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with deltamethrin shows promise for malaria control, particularly in industrial zones.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pyrethroid insecticides are crucial for malaria vector control.
  • Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes in Abidjan exhibit resistance to pyrethroids.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is vital for effective malaria control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess pyrethroid resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) populations in three distinct urban areas of Abidjan.
  • To identify the predominant Anopheles gambiae complex members and their association with resistance.
  • To evaluate the impact of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on pyrethroid efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Mosquito susceptibility assays to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, alphacypermethrin) with and without PBO pre-exposure.
Keywords:
Anopheles gambiae s.l.Côte d'Ivoireanthropogenic activitycity

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  • Species identification of Anopheles gambiae complex using Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements PCR (SINE PCR).
  • Quantification of resistance mechanisms (kdr-west, kdr-east, ace-1) and metabolic gene expression (CYP6P5, CYP6M2, CYP6P3, CYP6P4) via real-time PCR.

    • Main Results:

    • High pyrethroid resistance observed in industrial and vegetable farming areas, moderate in residential areas.
    • PBO pre-exposure increased mosquito mortality, restoring susceptibility to deltamethrin in the industrial site.
    • Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) predominated in the industrial site, while Anopheles coluzzii was dominant in residential and farming areas.
    • kdr-west mutations were prevalent in both species, with higher frequencies in An. coluzzii from farming areas.
    • Overexpression of CYP6P3 and CYP6M2 genes was noted in industrial and farming areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Human activities in urban Abidjan influence Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) distribution and pyrethroid resistance.
    • Resistance mechanisms involve kdr mutations and metabolic gene alterations, varying by location and species.
    • PBO-plus-deltamethrin treated nets could be a valuable tool for malaria control in urban African settings.
    malaria
    pyrethroid resistance
    species composition