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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
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Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Calcium Dynamics in Acute Mouse Pancreatic Tissue Slices
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Pancreatic δ Cells: An Overlooked Cell in Focus.

Maria L Golson1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. mgolson1@jhmi.edu.

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pancreatic delta cells locally regulate insulin and glucagon secretion. Despite their rarity, these cells play a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, influencing alpha and beta cells.

Keywords:
DiabetesIsletsSomatostatinδ Cell

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Pancreatic delta cells are rare endocrine cells that locally regulate insulin and glucagon secretion.
  • Research on delta cell function has historically lagged behind that of alpha and beta cells due to their scarcity.
  • Emerging single-cell technologies are facilitating a deeper understanding of delta cell control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory mechanisms governing pancreatic delta cell function.
  • To elucidate the role of delta cells in maintaining glucose homeostasis.
  • To explore the contribution of delta cells to the onset and progression of diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced single-cell analysis techniques.
  • Investigating cell-cell interactions within the pancreatic islets.
  • Analyzing data from human diabetes cohorts and animal models.

Main Results:

  • Delta cell function is influenced by both intrinsic factors and local signaling within the islet.
  • Delta cells directly modulate the secretory activity of alpha and beta cells.
  • Disruptions in delta cell numbers are observed in diabetes models and human diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Pancreatic delta cells are crucial regulators of glucose homeostasis.
  • Dysfunctional delta cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
  • Delta cells represent a potential therapeutic target for managing diabetes.