West African Genetic Ancestry, Neighborhood Deprivation, and Prostate Cancer

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Environmental Health
• Cancer Epidemiology
• Population Health

Background:

• Racial disparities in prostate cancer are linked to socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors, including West African ancestry.
• Few studies have explored the combined influence of neighborhood environment and genetic ancestry on lethal prostate cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the interaction between West African genetic ancestry and neighborhood deprivation in modifying prostate cancer risk and mortality.
• To understand how these factors collectively influence cancer development and outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study in the Greater Baltimore area involving 1469 men (Black and White) with and without prostate cancer.
• Exposures assessed included West African genetic ancestry and neighborhood deprivation (using the Neighborhood Deprivation Index).
• Follow-up data on all-cause mortality were collected via the National Death Index.

Main Results:

• A significant interaction was found between West African genetic ancestry and neighborhood deprivation on prostate cancer diagnosis (P=.02).
• West African ancestry was linked to higher prostate cancer odds in deprived areas but lower odds in affluent areas.
• Neighborhood deprivation independently associated with increased prostate cancer odds, irrespective of West African ancestry.

Conclusions:

• Neighborhood environments play a crucial role in modulating prostate cancer risk influenced by genetic ancestry.
• Findings highlight the complex interplay between genetics, environment, and socioeconomic status in prostate cancer disparities.
• Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and inform targeted prevention strategies.