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The Skin Microbiota

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Published on: April 1, 2014

Probing Dermal Immunity to Mycobacteria through a Controlled Human Infection Model.

E Chandler Church^1,2,3, Emma Bishop², Andrew Fiore-Gartland¹

¹Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA.

|September 16, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study used a controlled human infection model with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin to investigate the dermal immune response. Findings reveal early systemic immune detection and crucial communication between immune and non-immune cells in the skin.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Microbiology

Background:

Cutaneous mycobacterial infections present significant diagnostic and treatment challenges.
Understanding the skin's immune response is key to developing novel therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the early systemic and local dermal immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in a controlled human infection model.
To explore cell-to-cell communication within the skin during the initial phase of infection.

Main Methods:

Controlled human intradermal BCG (Tice strain) challenge in 10 participants, randomized to isoniazid or no treatment.
Systemic immune profiling via flow cytometry, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and serum antibody assessments.
Skin biopsy immune profiling using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq at days 3 and 15 post-challenge.

Main Results:

Systemic immune responses were detectable as early as 8 days post-challenge in BCG-naive individuals.
Single-cell RNA-seq identified diverse immune and non-immune skin cells and inferred cell-cell communication pathways.
Early (day 3) communication involved non-immune cells signaling to monocytes, shifting to a more balanced communication by day 15.

Conclusions:

Non-immune cells play a significant role in the early dermal immune response to mycobacteria.
Human challenge studies are valuable for understanding mycobacterial infections and informing therapeutic strategies.