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The first description of mucous membrane pemphigoid induced by enalapril maleate: a case report

Yihang Xie1, Qiyue Zhang1, Lin Ye1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3 Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.

BMC Oral Health
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antihypertensive drugs like enalapril maleate may trigger autoimmune blistering diseases, such as mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). Promptly discontinuing the suspected drug can lead to healing and prevent recurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD).
  • Evidence suggests a link between drug use and AIBD pathogenesis, particularly with antihypertensive medications.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old male with hypertension developed oral pain, ulcers, and blisters after 5 months of enalapril maleate.
  • Clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence findings confirmed MMP.

Findings:

  • Discontinuation of enalapril maleate, replaced by irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide and topical corticosteroids, resulted in complete healing.
  • The patient experienced no recurrence of lesions after treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for antihypertensive drugs, specifically enalapril maleate, to induce AIBDs like MMP.
  • Clinicians should consider drug-induced etiology in patients presenting with MMP symptoms and be aware of the link between antihypertensives and AIBDs for timely diagnosis and management.
Keywords:
DiagnosisDrug-relatedEnalaprilHypertensionMucous membrane pemphigoid

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