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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Health Services Use for SARS-CoV-2-Infected Children With Croup or Bronchiolitis.

Amy Tyler1, Leigh Anne Bakel2, Joshua Tucker3

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|September 17, 2024
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Children hospitalized for croup or bronchiolitis with concurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection did not show increased healthcare utilization. This finding suggests no significant impact on hospital resources for these pediatric respiratory illnesses during the pandemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Croup and bronchiolitis are common pediatric hospitalizations.
  • The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on these conditions is not well understood.
  • Understanding healthcare utilization is crucial for resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare healthcare utilization for pediatric croup and bronchiolitis patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To analyze hospitalization, readmission, length of stay, and ICU admission rates.
  • To assess outcomes across different SARS-CoV-2 variant periods.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using PEDSnet electronic health record data.
  • Inclusion of children aged 30 days to 14 years diagnosed with croup or bronchiolitis.
  • Analysis divided into pre-delta, delta, and omicron variant periods (March 2020-May 2022).
  • Multivariable mixed effects models used to determine adjusted odds ratios.

Main Results:

  • 9.65% of croup and 3.92% of bronchiolitis patients were SARS-CoV-2 positive.
  • The omicron variant period saw the highest SARS-CoV-2 cases for both conditions.
  • No statistically significant differences in utilization outcomes were found between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups after controlling for variables.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients with croup/bronchiolitis and SARS-CoV-2 did not have significantly increased hospital or ICU admissions.
  • Findings may inform future healthcare staffing models and public health recommendations.
  • Further research on the long-term effects and specific variant impacts is warranted.