Extracellular tyrosinase from Streptomyces sp. KY-453: purification and some enzymatic properties

A strain of Streptomyces isolated from soil was found to produce a large amount of tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase: EC 1.14.18.1) extracellularly. The enzyme was purified from the culture filtrate about 550-fold by a series of column chromatographies on Duolite A-2 and CM-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme catalyzed the hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of diphenols and was most active at pH 6.8 with dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate. It was inhibited by kojic acid, diethyldithiocarbamate, and inhibitors obtained from micro-organisms. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 9.9, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 36,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and 29,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, which suggests that the enzyme is a monomer. Metal analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated that the enzyme contains nearly 1 gram atom of copper per mol.