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Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 Patients: An

Andhika Rachman1, Anggraini Iriani2, Attaufiq Irawan3

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Medicine
|September 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to increased anti-PF4 antibodies in mild COVID-19 patients, suggesting a role in thrombosis. Maintaining adequate vitamin D (25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol) levels may be crucial for managing COVID-19 complications.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulation and thrombosis in a significant percentage of patients.
  • Platelet activation in COVID-19 is observed, potentially linked to anti-PF4 antibodies and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
  • Vitamin D (25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol) plays a role in modulating immune responses and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels and anti-PF4 antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
  • To explore potential associations between vitamin D status and thrombotic markers in different COVID-19 severity groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 160 COVID-19 patients.
  • Data collected from October 2021 to January 2022 at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Wisma Atlit Hospital Jakarta.
  • Analysis of serum 25(OH)D levels and anti-PF4 antibodies, with P-selectin levels also measured.

Main Results:

  • The mean serum 25(OH)D level among participants was 15.1 ng/mL.
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between serum 25(OH)D and anti-PF4 levels in patients with mild COVID-19 (P=.035, R=-0.236).
  • P-selectin levels were significantly higher in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group (P=.031).

Conclusions:

  • Serum 25(OH)D levels show a significant negative correlation with anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19.
  • Maintaining serum 25(OH)D levels above 30 ng/mL is recommended.
  • Elevated P-selectin in moderate COVID-19 warrants further investigation regarding its role in disease progression.

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