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How to detect affect recognition alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Veronica Castelnovo1,2, Elisa Canu1,2, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello3

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Summary

The Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS-A) accurately measures affect recognition (AR) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Affect recognition deficits in ALS may indicate frontotemporal brain changes.

Keywords:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisComprehensive Affect Testing SystemEmotion recognitionGray matter volumesSocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Affect recognition (AR) is crucial for social interaction.
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can impact cognitive functions, including AR.
  • The clinical utility of AR assessments in ALS needs further validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical usability of the Comprehensive Affect Testing System-Abbreviated (CATS-A) for AR assessment in Italian ALS patients.
  • To determine the validity and diagnostic accuracy of CATS-A AR measures.
  • To explore the relationship between AR deficits and frontotemporal brain involvement in ALS.

Main Methods:

  • 96 ALS patients and 116 controls completed the CATS-A AR subtests.
  • Factorial, convergent, and divergent validity of CATS-A AR measures were assessed.
  • Receiver-operating characteristics analyses identified diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-offs for AR measures.

Main Results:

  • CATS-A AR subtests and the AR Quotient (ARQ) demonstrated moderate-to-strong validity.
  • CATSA AR measures showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy (AUC range .79-.83).
  • ALS patients with impaired ARQ exhibited reduced gray matter volume in specific frontal and temporal regions.

Conclusions:

  • The CATS-A AR subtests, especially the ARQ, are reliable for assessing AR in ALS.
  • AR deficits identified by CATS-A may serve as a marker for frontotemporal dysfunction in ALS.