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Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of Risk Factors and Current Clinical Evaluation
Atilla Engin1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. dr.aengin@gmail.com.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 17, 2024
Summary
Obesity is linked to increased breast cancer risk and mortality due to hormonal and inflammatory factors. Advanced imaging and genetic evaluation aid early detection and personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Obesity significantly increases breast cancer incidence and mortality, particularly in postmenopausal women.
- Metabolic and inflammatory pathways in obese individuals promote breast cancer development.
- Challenges in physical examination of breast cancer in obese patients necessitate advanced diagnostic tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted relationship between obesity and breast cancer.
- To highlight advancements in breast cancer detection and diagnosis.
- To discuss current trends in breast cancer management and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on obesity, breast cancer incidence, and mortality.
- Analysis of diagnostic techniques including imaging (BI-RADS, DBT, MRI, PET) and genetic evaluation.
- Discussion of surgical and systemic treatment modalities for various breast cancer stages.
Main Results:
- Obesity is associated with increased estrogen levels, inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, all contributing to breast cancer.
- Advanced imaging techniques like AI risk scores, DBT, and MRI improve early detection and reduce false positives.
- High concordance exists between pre-operative and surgical ER/PR status, guiding treatment decisions.
Conclusions:
- Obesity presents unique challenges in breast cancer diagnosis and management.
- Technological advancements are crucial for accurate and timely breast cancer detection.
- Personalized treatment strategies, including conservative surgery and systemic therapy, are essential for optimal patient outcomes.
Keywords:
AromataseAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)Breast cancerBreast cancer recurrenceCancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs)Cyclin D1EstrogenEstrogen receptor (ER)EstroneFatty acidHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)HyperinsulinemiaHypoxiaInsulin resistanceInsulin-like growth factor (IGF)Leptin resistanceLiver X receptor (LXR)Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)ObesityOxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC)Postmenopausal breast cancerPremenopausal breast cancerProgesterone receptor (PR)Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)Adiponectin
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