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Trends in orbital cellulitis severity and management: 2016 through 2022
Alison B Gibbons1, Ramy Elsafy1, Ashley Campbell1,2
1School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|September 17, 2024
Summary
Orbital cellulitis (OC) severity remained stable until 2022, when a rise in abscess formation, particularly in pediatric cases, was observed post-pandemic. This increase correlated with higher rates of sinusitis.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Orbital cellulitis (OC) is a serious infection requiring prompt management.
- Understanding trends in OC severity and treatment is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
- The COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the incidence and characteristics of infectious diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in orbital cellulitis (OC) severity and management from 2016 to 2022.
- To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OC presentation and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of OC cases at a tertiary care center (2016-2023).
- Classification of OC into three cohorts: no abscess, subperiosteal abscess (SPA), and orbital abscess (OA) using radiography.
- Comparison of infection rates, age groups, and comorbidities between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.
Main Results:
- From 2016-2022, OC cases (67.3%), SPA (28.1%), and OA (4.6%) were recorded.
- 2022 showed increased rates of SPA, OA, pediatric infections, and sinusitis compared to prior years (p<0.05).
- Abscess formation was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic (p=0.033).
Conclusions:
- Orbital cellulitis severity was stable pre-pandemic.
- A rise in abscess formation, primarily in pediatric patients with sinusitis, was noted in 2022 after the pandemic's onset.
- The findings highlight a potential shift in OC epidemiology post-COVID-19.
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